Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a low-incidence but high-impact condition in Europe, with rapid onset, high case fatality, and substantial long-term disability among survivors. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, IMD continues to cause severe health, social, and economic consequences across all ages.
Recent European data show that while incidence is highest in infants and young children, adults aged 50 years and over account for a growing share of cases and experience the highest mortality rates. Serogroup B remains the leading cause of IMD in most age groups, with increasing circulation of serogroups Y and W, particularly among older adults.
The policy brief highlights the availability of effective meningococcal vaccines but notes significant variation in national immunisation schedules across the EU, including differences in age targets, vaccine types, catch-up strategies, and access. Missed opportunities persist in adolescence, adulthood, and older age, despite evidence supporting a life-course approach to immunisation.
To address these challenges, the brief calls for strengthened surveillance, improved equity in access, better integration of vaccination across all life stages, and enhanced EU-level coordination to support evidence-based national strategies and shared learning
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